In residential real estate, a range refers to a kitchen appliance used for cooking that combines a cooktop and an oven in a single unit. The range is a central feature of most kitchens and is considered a standard, built-in appliance in many houses.
Ranges are used for baking, roasting, boiling, frying, and other everyday cooking tasks. Because of their essential function, they are often included in property listings, purchase agreements, inspections, and disclosures.
Components of a Range
A typical range consists of two primary components:
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Cooktop, located on the top surface, which includes burners or heating elements
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Oven, located below the cooktop, used for baking and roasting
Some ranges also include additional features such as warming drawers, convection fans, self-cleaning functions, or dual ovens.
Because these components are integrated into one appliance, a range differs from setups where the cooktop and oven are separate units.
Types of Ranges
Ranges come in several configurations, which can affect functionality, installation, and buyer preference.
Gas ranges use natural gas or propane to power burners and may also use gas or electricity for the oven. Many cooks prefer gas ranges for their temperature control.
Electric ranges use electric coils or smooth glass surfaces for the cooktop and electric heating elements in the oven.
Dual-fuel ranges combine a gas cooktop with an electric oven, offering precise burner control and consistent baking performance.
Each type has different utility requirements and maintenance considerations, which may be relevant during inspections or utility reviews.
Freestanding vs. Slide-In Ranges
Ranges are also categorized by how they fit into kitchen cabinetry.
A freestanding range has finished sides and a back control panel and can be installed between cabinets or at the end of a run.
A slide-in range is designed to fit flush between cabinets and often has controls located on the front, creating a more built-in appearance.
This distinction can affect replacement options and kitchen design compatibility.
Range vs. Oven or Cooktop
The term “range” is sometimes confused with “oven” or “cooktop,” but they are not the same.
An oven is the enclosed baking compartment only. A cooktop is the surface with burners or heating elements only. A range combines both into a single appliance.
Understanding this distinction matters in listings, contracts, and inspections to ensure clarity about what appliances are included.
Ranges in Purchase Agreements and Listings
Ranges are often specifically mentioned in real estate listings and purchase agreements as included appliances. However, inclusion is not automatic. Whether a range conveys with the property depends on the contract terms.
Because ranges are typically connected to gas or electrical systems and fit into cabinetry, they are often considered fixtures, but this should always be confirmed in writing.
Buyers should verify:
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Whether the range is included
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Its fuel type
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Age and condition
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Whether it is operational at walk-through
Inspections and Safety Considerations
During a home inspection, the range is usually checked for basic operation, proper installation, and safety issues. Inspectors may test burners, oven function, and ventilation clearances.
For gas ranges, proper gas connections and ventilation are especially important. For electric ranges, wiring and breaker compatibility may be reviewed.
While inspectors do not typically guarantee long-term performance, visible defects or safety concerns are usually noted.
Maintenance and Longevity
Ranges are durable appliances but require routine care. Cleaning burners, maintaining oven seals, and ensuring proper ventilation can extend lifespan and improve performance.
Older ranges may lack modern safety features or efficiency standards. Buyers evaluating resale value may consider whether the range aligns with current expectations.
Impact on Resale and Buyer Perception
While a range is a standard appliance, its quality and condition can influence buyer perception. Updated or high-quality ranges may enhance a kitchen’s appeal, while outdated or nonfunctional units may be viewed as replacement costs.
That said, ranges typically do not add significant standalone value. They are part of the overall kitchen package rather than a premium feature on their own.
Why Understanding the Term “Range” Matters
The term “range” appears frequently in listings, disclosures, inspections, and contracts. Understanding what it means avoids confusion about included appliances and kitchen functionality.
In real estate, clarity around appliances helps ensure expectations align between buyers and sellers. A range is a practical, everyday feature—but one that plays a central role in how a house is used and evaluated.